Annulment for non-consummation ============================== ![Annulment for non-consummation](https://vardags.com/images/pictures/_360/7c4d5831c273945298854bc5527e2b16.jpeg)Any *Friends* fan can recall Ross and Rachel, post-Vegas, post-drunken-wedding, and remember that they were desperate to annul their marriage on the basis that it had not been consummated. Britney Spears hit the headlines a few years back for annulling her Vegas wedding on the same grounds. Outside the world of Las Vegas weddings, annulment on the grounds of lack of consummation is entrenched in English matrimonial laws for heterosexual marriages. Consummation has long been a crucial part of marriage. Bedding rituals were an important part of the wedding ceremony. The families of newly-married couples would take measures aimed at ensuring the consummation of the marriage. Part of this process was proving that the bride had been a virgin before the wedding. The bedsheets would be taken away the day after the wedding night, to be examined for traces of blood - the ultimate sign of virginity and its loss. This tradition dates back thousands of years, and was particularly important to royal weddings. Under section 12 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, a refusal or inability to consummate a marriage is a ground of annulment in England and Wales. So what does 'consummation' actually mean? Technically, consummation of a marriage requires 'ordinary and complete', rather than 'partial and imperfect' sexual intercourse. 'Incapacity'must be physical or psychological. It may not prevent intercourse with anyone other than the spouse, but must be permanent and incurable. The fact that the parties may have had successful intercourse *before* the marriage is irrelevant if the incapacity existed at the time of the marriage. Let's take some example cases. *Potter v Potter* 5 Fam Law 161, CA: W physically could not consummate the marriage. Having undergone surgery, H and W were prevented from having sex by W's emotional state. H then declined to try to have sex again and W petitioned for annulment on the grounds of H's wilful refusal to have sex with her. The judge dismissed the petition. W's appeal failed. It was held that H's refusal was a result of his loss of sexual ardour rather than a deliberate decision. *Ford v Ford* Fam Law 232: This was a particularly interesting case, because H and W had had a sexual relationship before the marriage. H was sent to prison. H and W married while he was in prison. Following the marriage, H refused to consummate the marriage, and later said that he did not want to live with W, even after he was released (instead, opting to live with an ex-girlfriend upon release). W's petition was successful: H's refusal to consummate the marriage in prison was not a 'wilful refusal', but his clear determination never to do so was sufficient. *A v J (Nullity)* 1 FLR 110: H and W were of Indian ancestry, and took part in an arranged civil marriage, which was to be followed by a religious ceremony some four months later. Between the two ceremonies, they spent only a few days together, because of H's work in the USA. Shortly before the religious ceremony (which was accepted as a requirement for consummation), W refused to go ahead with it, giving as her reason H's apparently uncaring and unloving attitude towards her. H apologised and said he had supposed a formal relationship would be appropriate until they were 'properly married', but W did not accept this apology and maintained that she would not go through with the religious ceremony. H was granted a decree of nullity for W's wilful refusal to consummate the marriage. We should note, however, that this only applies to *opposite-sex couples*. Paragraph 4, Schedule 4 of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 specifically *excluded*non-consummation as a ground for the annulment of a same sex marriage. Civil partnerships were also completely 'de-sexualised'. There are those who see annulment on the grounds of non-consummation as 'a legal oddity' in the light of the legislation governing same sex marriage. [Click here](https://vardags.com/team?top-divorce-solicitors) to speak to one of our experienced divorce lawyers today. "Ayesha Vardag - Britain's top divorce lawyer." ![The Huffington Post](https://vardags.com/images/logo/huffpost.png) "Ayesha Vardag - Woman of the Year"![GG2](https://vardags.com/images/logo/gg2-3.png) "Leading, Magic Circle law firm."Mr Justice Coleridge "A handful of firms dominate the so-called 'glamour' end of the market ... Vardags"The Times "One of the best divorce lawyers in the country"Marie Claire "Ayesha Vardag - 'diva of divorce' for the world's super rich" ![BBC](https://vardags.com/images/logo/bbc.png) "Dr Stephen Bence is a financial genius."Lewis Marks KC "Ayesha Vardag - the Queen of divorce"Daily Mail "Vardags brilliantly argued my case to a resounding victory"Pauline Chai (client) "Britain's top divorce lawyer" ![The Telegraph](https://vardags.com/images/logo/telegraph.png) More Family Law news -------------------- [Kesha and Dr Luke: the troubling place where family and contract law intersect](https://vardags.com/family-law/kesha-dr-luke-family-law-contract-law "Kesha and Dr Luke: the troubling place where family and contract law intersect") [Fiction vs Family Law: Room and the parental rights of abusers](https://vardags.com/family-law/room-parental-rights-abusers "Fiction vs Family Law: Room and the parental rights of abusers") [Annulment for non-consummation](https://vardags.com/family-law/annulment-for-non-consummation "Annulment for non-consummation") [Groom seeking groom: the case for gay arranged marriage in modern India](https://vardags.com/family-law/gay-arranged-marriage-india "Groom seeking groom: the case for gay arranged marriage in modern India") [The case against leap day proposals](https://vardags.com/family-law/leap-day-proposals "The case against leap day proposals") Articles by Kathryn Mason ------------------------- [The financial consequences of not negotiating](https://vardags.com/family-law/the-consequences-of-not-negotiating "The financial consequences of not negotiating") [Farewell to the FPR as we know it](https://vardags.com/family-law/farewell-fpr "Farewell to the FPR as we know it") [Annulment for non-consummation](https://vardags.com/family-law/annulment-for-non-consummation "Annulment for non-consummation") [Mythbusting the 'quickie' divorce](https://vardags.com/family-law/quickie-divorce-myth "Mythbusting the quickie divorce") [Tenants in common and orders for sale](https://vardags.com/family-law/tenants-common-orders-sale "Tenants in common and orders for sale")